🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
Public Sector Debt · 2026
Total Debt
57.8%
of GDP
Global Rank
#97
of 192
S&P Rating
A
Credit rating
SOE Debt
+26.0%
3 categories
Sovereign Wealth
84%
of GDP in SWF assets
Where the Debt Sits
Central Government
Dev Banks
Energy SOEs
Central Government: 31.8%Dev Banks: 13.8%Energy SOEs: 7.1%Infrastructure: 5.1%
Who Holds This Debt
Holder Breakdown
Domestic 60%
Foreign 40%
Domestic: 60%Foreign: 40%
Currency Denomination
Local 50%
Foreign 50%
Local currency: 50%Foreign currency: 50%
Full Debt Breakdown
Central Government31.8% of GDP
Central GovernmentIMF WEO — General Government Debt
31.8%Energy SOEs7.1% of GDP
Saudi AramcoAramco Annual Report 2024Net debt $78B (gross borrowings $319B). Previously understated at $15B.
7.1%Infrastructure SOEs5.1% of GDP
NEOM and giga-projectsPIF Annual Report / CNBCGiga-project investments 211B SAR. NEOM secured $24B financing.
5.1%Development Banks13.8% of GDP
Public Investment Fund (PIF) entitiesPIF Annual Report 2024Debt SR570B ($152B). Debt ratio 13% of AUM. Previously understated at $50B.
13.8%Total Corporate Debt45.8% of GDP
Nonfinancial corporate debt (total)BIS Credit Statistics Q3 2025Aramco, SABIC, SEC, Maaden, STC. PIF portfolio growing.
45.8%Household Debt31.6% of GDP
Household debtBIS Credit Statistics Q3 2025Growing with Vision 2030 housing program.
31.6%Unfunded Pension Liabilities60.0% of GDP
GOSI pension unfunded (est.)ISSA Saudi 2022; IMF Art IV 2024Young pop but rapid Saudization expanding coverage.
60.0%All Layers Total195.2%
Credit Ratings
S&P
A
Moody's
A1
Fitch
A+
Data Sources
IMF WEO — General Government Debtgeneral_government · Updated semi_annual
Dec 202631.8% GDP
Ranking Neighbors
Compare Saudi Arabia with other countries
Enter the Arena